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VCE · VCE Units 3 & 4 · official past papers

VCE General Mathematics past exams 2016–2025, by year and topic

The official VCAA exams, marking guides and examiner reports we index, organised by topic and subtopic and labelled with the study design it was written under. Open the official paper, work the question in your own workspace, or bring a tutor into it live.

Index last synced 19 August 2026.

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ATARMAxxing indexes 24 official VCAA General Mathematics papers from 2016 to 2025, with 39 questions mapped to 4 areas of study. Every paper opens on the VCAA website.

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General Mathematics SD (from 2023) · 2023–2025+Further Mathematics SD (2016–2022) · 2016–2022

VCE General Mathematics exams by year: official papers & marking guidance

Past exams indexed: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016. Open the official VCAA papers, with marking guidance where available.

Year	Study design	Official paper(s)	Marking guidance
2025 VCE General Mathematics exam	General Mathematics SD (from 2023)	Examination 1 (Multiple-Choice Question Book) ↗ · Examination 2 (Question and Answer Book) ↗ · Examination 1 assessment guide ↗ · Examination 2 assessment guide ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2024 VCE General Mathematics exam	General Mathematics SD (from 2023)	Examination 1 ↗ · Examination 2 ↗ · Examination 1 marking guidelines and sample responses ↗ · Examination 2 assessment guide ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2023 VCE General Mathematics exam	General Mathematics SD (from 2023)	Examination 1 ↗ · Examination 2 ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2022 VCE General Mathematics exam	Further Mathematics SD (2016–2022)	Exam 1 ↗ · Exam 2 ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2021 VCE General Mathematics exam	Further Mathematics SD (2016–2022)	Exam 1 ↗ · Exam 2 ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2020 VCE General Mathematics exam	Further Mathematics SD (2016–2022)	Exam 1 ↗ · Exam 2 ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2019 VCE General Mathematics exam	Further Mathematics SD (2016–2022)	Exam 1 ↗ · Exam 2 ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2018 VCE General Mathematics exam	Further Mathematics SD (2016–2022)	Exam 1 ↗ · Exam 2 ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2017 VCE General Mathematics exam	Further Mathematics SD (2016–2022)	Exam 1 ↗ · Exam 2 ↗	Marking guidance ↗
2016 VCE General Mathematics exam	Further Mathematics SD (2016–2022)	Exam 1 ↗ · Exam 2 ↗	Marking guidance ↗

24 official papers across 10 years (2016–2025), 10 with marking guidance, published by VCAA. These span more than one study design; the most recent is General Mathematics SD (from 2023). Earlier papers may cover material that has since changed.

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Data analysis · 13 mapped questions

Summarising and displaying univariate data (dot plots, stem plots, histograms, boxplots)

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q11 markReading the median value directly off a histogram of bag sizes bought by customers.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q31 markComparing interquartile range, median and quartile relationships between two parallel boxplots of life expectancy.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Measures of centre and spread (mean, median, standard deviation, IQR, range)

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q15 marksMulti-part question finding median price, classifying a categorical variable, computing standard deviation and comparing spread, and completing a percentage price-range table for a housing sales dataset.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

The normal distribution and the 68–95–99.7% rule; standardised (z) scores

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q51 markBack-solving mean and standard deviation of a normal distribution from two given percentile cut-offs using the 68-95-99.7 rule.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q32 marksUsing a given standardised z-score and the 68-95-99.7 rule to find the percentage of home sales within a price range.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Least squares line of best fit, residual analysis and interpolation/extrapolation

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q91 markIdentifying the correct least squares regression equation from a scatterplot of games won versus goals against.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q101 markCorrectly interpreting a negative correlation coefficient as association rather than causation.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q48 marksExtended regression question: identifying explanatory variable, computing correlation coefficient from a given least squares equation, predicting a value, judging interpolation vs extrapolation, describing association strength/direction, and computing and plotting a missing residual.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q53 marksCalculating a least squares line equation from a raw bivariate dataset and interpreting the coefficient of determination as a percentage in context.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Data transformation (log and squared transformations) to linearise data

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q111 markSelecting the least squares equation for data after a log base-10 transformation has been applied to the response variable.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Time series analysis: trend, seasonality, smoothing (moving mean/median), seasonal indices and deseasonalising

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q131 markCalculating a smoothed value at a specific week using five-median smoothing on a time series graph.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q161 markConverting a seasonal index above 1 into the percentage reduction needed to deseasonalise sales figures.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q64 marksIdentifying qualitative features of a multi-year time series plot and calculating a monthly seasonal index from annual totals.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Also in this areas of study: Data types (numerical, categorical: nominal/ordinal) · Investigating relationships between two variables (scatterplots, two-way frequency tables, segmented bar charts) · Correlation and coefficient of determination — question-level mapping in progress; the year table above links every official paper.

Recursion and financial modelling · 8 mapped questions

Simple interest and compound interest as recurrence relations and rules

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q171 markSelecting the correct closed-form expression for simple interest growth over three years.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Reducing balance loans and amortisation tables

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q74 marksReading and completing rows of a reducing-balance loan amortisation table, including explaining why interest declines and finding remaining payment count before the final payment.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q93 marksDetermining a weekly interest rate for a balance-neutral repayment scenario, then finding the compounding interest rate and recurrence multiplier for a reducing loan balance.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Annuities and perpetuities

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q211 markFinding when cumulative perpetuity payments first exceed the original invested principal.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q241 markDetermining total annuity payment duration given a mid-term balance and a changed monthly payment amount.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q102 marksCompleting a matrix-style recurrence relation for the quarterly balance of an annuity partway through its term.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Flat rate and reducing balance (unit cost) depreciation

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q191 markDetermining the year in which flat rate depreciated value first falls below reducing balance depreciated value from a comparison table.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q83 marksWriting both a recurrence relation and an explicit rule for flat-rate asset depreciation from a graph, then finding the annual depreciation percentage.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Also in this areas of study: First-order linear recurrence relations (u0 = a, un+1 = Run + d) · Effective annual interest rate · Compound interest investments with regular deposits/withdrawals — question-level mapping in progress; the year table above links every official paper.

Matrices · 8 mapped questions

Matrix definition, order, types (row, column, square, diagonal, identity, binary, permutation)

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q251 markClassifying a given square matrix by its structural type (permutation matrix).Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Determinant and inverse of a 2×2 matrix; when an inverse exists

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q271 markIdentifying which parameter values make a 2x2 matrix's determinant zero, so its inverse fails to exist.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Matrices used to represent and solve practical problems (communication/adjacency matrices, permutation matrices)

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q321 markReconstructing a dominance matrix sum (D + D-squared) to rank round-robin tournament results from partial match data.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q113 marksStating matrix order, interpreting a row-sum matrix multiplication result, and constructing a diagonal scaling matrix for room capacity changes.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q143 marksUsing a permutation matrix to project a timetable forward multiple days and interpreting what a matrix power equal to the identity matrix implies about cyclical repetition.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Transition matrices and Markov chains (regular transition matrices, steady-state behaviour)

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q122 marksWorking backwards through a matrix recurrence relation to find a prior year's state matrix, then projecting forward with an added constant intake matrix.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q134 marksInterpreting leading-diagonal transition probabilities and projecting activity-group membership several transition steps ahead using a transition matrix.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Leslie matrices for population/age-structured growth

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q291 markConstructing the correct Leslie matrix from a life-cycle diagram showing birth and survival rates across four age groups.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Also in this areas of study: Matrix operations: addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication · Matrix recurrence relations of the form Sn+1 = TSn + B — question-level mapping in progress; the year table above links every official paper.

Networks and decision mathematics · 10 mapped questions

Graphs, networks, vertices, edges, degree of a vertex, Euler's formula (v + f = e + 2)

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q154 marksSumming vertex degrees, applying Euler's formula, naming the closed walk-type for a start-and-return route, and constructing a spanning tree from a residential location graph.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q162 marksSolving for unknown entries in an adjacency matrix representing a network of connected gym areas.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Eulerian trails/circuits and Hamiltonian paths/cycles

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q331 markCounting the number of Hamiltonian cycles starting from a given vertex in a graph.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q172 marksExplaining why an inspection route must repeat edges based on odd-degree vertices, then finding minimum total inspection distance (Chinese postman-style route).Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Weighted graphs, minimum spanning trees (Prim's algorithm)

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q351 markExpressing the total length of a minimum spanning tree in terms of an unknown edge weight variable.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Shortest path problems in networks

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q381 markFinding the shortest route between two points through a weighted road network.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Flow problems: capacity, cuts and maximum flow-minimum cut

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q371 markApplying max-flow min-cut to determine maximum water flow through a pipe network from source to sink.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Assignment problems and the Hungarian algorithm

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q391 markVerifying the correct output table after two row/column reduction steps of the Hungarian algorithm on a cost matrix.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Critical path analysis: activity networks, earliest/latest start times, float time, critical path, crashing

2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 1 Q401 markCalculating the float time of a specific activity within a 12-activity project precedence network.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →
2025General Mathematics SD (from 2023)Examination 2 Q184 marksIdentifying activities common to two critical paths, finding latest start time and greatest float time for named activities, and determining minimum crashing cost to reduce project duration by three days given per-activity cost/day tradeoffs.Official paper ↗Marking guidance ↗Check tutors for this question →

Also in this areas of study: Planar graphs, bridges, walks, trails, paths, cycles — question-level mapping in progress; the year table above links every official paper.

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