Stakeholders in global sustainability: roles, conflicts and international governance

What this note covers

1. The stakeholder landscape: who holds power and why it matters
2. Governments: sovereign power, climate pledges and the compliance gap
3. Transnational corporations: economic leverage, greenwashing and the governance gap
4. NGOs: advocacy, accountability and the limits of civil society
5. Local communities and Indigenous peoples: frontline experience and governance exclusion
6. International bodies: the UN system, IPCC and UNFCCC
7. Competing interests, power differentials and why governance gaps persist

7 sections · 14 key terms & formulas · 6 common mistakes