Ethics, designs, sampling, data and research evaluation

What this note covers

1. Operational variables and hypotheses make psychological claims testable
2. Experimental designs trade participant control against order effects
3. Sampling determines whose behaviour the evidence represents
4. Reliability and validity evaluate different qualities of evidence
5. Data choice and displays must match variables and distributions
6. Ethics protect participants and shape permissible methods

6 sections · 10 key terms & formulas · 6 common mistakes