Labelling and differential association: Becker and Sutherland

What this note covers

1. Labelling theory: deviance created by the reaction, not the act
2. Primary and secondary deviance
3. Degradation ceremonies and building a deviant career
4. Sutherland's differential association: deviance is learned
5. Worked example: applying labelling theory and differential association to one case
6. Comparing and evaluating the two theories
7. How these theories are examined and what separates a top response

7 sections · 10 key terms & formulas · 6 common mistakes