Evidence quality, data representation and inquiry ethics

What this note covers

1. Distinguish validity, reliability and measurement accuracy
2. Summarise a dataset without concealing its variation
3. Select graphs that preserve the biological relationship
4. Reason from evidence to a bounded causal conclusion
5. Apply ethical reasoning to the actual investigation
6. Evaluate sources and communicate uncertainty transparently

6 sections · 10 key terms & formulas · 6 common mistakes