z-scores, the empirical rule and probabilities under the normal curve

What this note covers

1. Features of a normally distributed dataset
2. What is a z-score?
3. Calculating z-scores: worked examples
4. The set of z-scores has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
5. The 68-95-99.7 Rule (Empirical Rule)
6. Applying the empirical rule: worked examples
7. Probabilities from z-scores: shading areas under the curve
8. Identifying unusual data values
9. Comparing scores across different distributions
10. Exam technique and common question types

10 sections · 15 key terms & formulas · 8 common mistakes

Common questions