Ferrous metals: heat treatment, microstructures, forming processes, welding and hardness/impact testing

What this note covers

1. The iron–carbon equilibrium diagram, simplified
2. Heat treatments: annealing, normalising, hardening, tempering
3. Forming processes and their grain structures
4. Welding: the weld and the heat-affected zone
5. Hardness and impact testing
6. Choosing a ferrous metal and treatment for a transport part
7. Practice and microstructure sketching

7 sections · 11 key terms & formulas · 6 common mistakes