Free WACE Year 11 Physics Flashcard Review
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Meaning of Δ?
Final minus initial.
Vector versus scalar?
A vector includes direction.
Average velocity?
Displacement divided by elapsed time.
Velocity graph slope?
Acceleration.
Acceleration graph area?
Change in velocity.
Acceleration at top of throw?
9.8 m/s² down, neglecting drag.
Newton second law?
ΣF = ma.
Third-law force locations?
Different interacting objects.
Maximum static friction?
μ_sF_N.
Momentum conservation condition?
Negligible net external impulse.
How do crumple zones reduce average force?
They increase stopping time for the same momentum change.
Uncertainty rule for division?
Add percentage uncertainties in the worst-case convention.
Kinetic energy formula?
E_k = ½mv².
Gravitational energy change near Earth?
ΔE_p = mgΔh.
When is W = Fs applicable?
For constant force parallel to displacement.
Isolated-system energy rule?
Total energy is constant.
Power formula and unit?
P = ΔE/Δt, in watts.
Elastic collision criterion?
Total kinetic energy is conserved.
Classical absolute-zero limit?
Random thermal motion approaches zero.
Internal energy includes what?
Microscopic kinetic and interaction potential energies.