Free WACE Year 11 Biology Flashcard Review
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What are the three levels of biodiversity?
Genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
Why is abundance not richness?
Abundance counts individuals; richness counts species.
What does evenness describe?
How evenly individuals are distributed among species.
Order family, genus and species.
Family contains genera; each genus contains species.
What evidence can inform classification?
Morphology, reproductive compatibility and corresponding molecular sequences.
Why can classifications change?
New evidence changes hypotheses about shared ancestry.
Where does reproductive species definition struggle?
Asexual organisms, fossils and separated populations.
Distinguish mutualism and commensalism.
Both benefit in mutualism; one benefits and the other has no detectable effect in commensalism.
What makes competition possible?
Shared use of a limiting resource, within or between species.
When is a line transect useful?
To survey changes across an environmental gradient.
State the capture–recapture estimate.
N = marked first sample × second sample size ÷ marked recaptures.
Does an identification key establish ancestry?
No; identification routes alone do not test evolutionary relationships.
Why do food-web arrows point towards consumers?
They show transfer of matter and chemical energy from food to consumer.
Why is energy not recycled?
Respiration and other transfers dissipate energy as heat.
What links atmospheric carbon to biomass?
Photosynthesis incorporates carbon dioxide into organic molecules.
What is nitrogen fixation?
Microbial conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into biologically available compounds.
What predicts competitive exclusion?
Indefinite competition for the same limiting resources under constant conditions favours displacement.
What makes a species keystone?
Its community effect is disproportionately large compared with abundance or biomass.
How is density calculated?
Number of individuals divided by defined area or volume.
Why can carrying capacity fall?
Resources or suitable physical conditions can decline, for example during drought.