Free VCE Year 11 Sociology Flashcard Review

A set of people who share at least one characteristic but do not necessarily interact with one another; the study design's examples are grouping by age or by gender-based attributes.

Members of a social group interact regularly, share a sense of identity and hold expectations of one another; members of a category merely share a characteristic.

Quantitative data uses numbers, such as counts or rates, to summarise patterns. Qualitative material, such as interview accounts and images, provides detail about meaning and context. Neither automatically represents a whole population.

Cultural (ethnicity, religion, gender roles, coming-of-age rituals); social (class, location, peer pressure, subcultures); economic (unemployment, education, intergenerational inequity); technological (ICT, social media, online communities).

Personal troubles concern an individual’s immediate life and relationships; public issues concern wider social structures. Mills’s sociological imagination connects these levels rather than assuming either individual blame or a particular structural cause.

Historical (how has this come to be?), cultural (which values and norms shape it?), structural (how do institutions organise it?) and critical (is the taken-for-granted view actually true?).

Whether a taken-for-granted belief is supported by evidence, whose interests the common-sense view serves and how things might be otherwise.

The purpose of the research, its nature (what taking part involves) and its implications (how the data and results will be used), before the person agrees.

Anonymity concerns whether responses can be linked to people. Confidentiality concerns protecting information from unauthorised access or disclosure; agreed safeguards and limits must be explained.

Any four of: treating participants with respect; preventing harm; voluntary participation and the right to withdraw; confidentiality and/or anonymity; honest reporting; debriefing and making results available.

A stereotype is an oversimplified fixed image of a category (a belief); prejudice is a pre-judged, usually negative attitude toward its members; discrimination is unfair or prejudicial treatment based on category membership.

Any two: teenagers became increasingly recognised as a distinct consumer category in the post-war 1950s/1960s; the federal voting age fell from 21 to 18 in 1973; Victoria changed its education/training/employment participation requirements to age 17 from 2010. Explain the changed expectations or opportunities; these are not universal boundaries of youth.

An established, enduring pattern of norms, roles and relationships organised around a basic social need; the family, education, religion, the economy and government are the main examples.

It is a patterned arrangement found across societies that organises partnering, reproduction, care and primary socialisation, so it shapes members' values and behaviour and outlasts any particular household.

Its meaning is produced through law, custom and shared understanding rather than fixed by biology, so what counts as a family changes over time and differs between cultures.

Couples with dependants, couples only, one-parent families, sibling groups and multi-generational families. No: Census FMCF uses four broad types, and multi-generational living can overlap them. “Couples with children” also includes non-dependent children.

In this course, “traditional” often refers to the married heterosexual nuclear family with a male breadwinner and female homemaker. Other forms include one-parent, blended, cohabiting, same-sex-parented and multi-generational families. The label depends on time and culture; it does not mean these other arrangements are historically new.

The primary socialisation of children and the stabilisation of adult personalities, supported by an instrumental (breadwinning) role and an expressive (nurturing) role.

Feminist approaches examine whether the division of domestic work, care and power reproduces gender inequality. Hochschild’s “second shift” concerns household work and childcare alongside paid employment. This is an analytical perspective, not a claim that every family allocates work identically.

Comparing the same aspect of family life across societies, cultures or periods using consistent criteria and comparable sources, to see what is universal and what is culturally specific and to avoid ethnocentrism.