Free VCE Year 11 Psychology Flashcard Review
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What are three interacting aspects of psychological development?
Cognitive change concerns thinking; emotional change concerns feelings and their regulation; social change concerns relationships and participation.
What does an interaction between heredity and environment mean?
The influence of an inherited characteristic depends on experience or conditions, or vice versa; the influences do not simply operate separately.
Why is chronological age not a full explanation of development?
It describes timing but does not identify the mechanisms; maturation, experiences and cohort differences may contribute.
What does the biopsychosocial approach require beyond a list?
An explanation of how biological, psychological and social factors interact to influence the outcome.
How does a sensitive period differ from a critical period?
A sensitive period involves heightened responsiveness to experience; a critical period is a restricted window for necessary experience for a specified capacity.
Why is statistical rarity insufficient to establish a problem?
An uncommon characteristic may be beneficial and need not cause distress or interfere with functioning.
What is personal distress as a criterion?
The individual’s experience of suffering, interpreted alongside context and other evidence.
What makes a response maladaptive?
It interferes with effective functioning or adjustment in the relevant circumstances; context matters.
Why must social norms be interpreted culturally?
Expectations vary between groups, settings and communities, so an observer’s assumptions may be inappropriate.
What does neurodiversity recognise?
Variation in human neurological development and associated experiences, without assuming uniform strengths, barriers or needs.
What distinguishes a psychiatrist’s professional background?
A psychiatrist is a medical specialist; psychologists and other mental health workers have different training and scopes of practice.
What is a key feature of culturally responsive support?
It attends to the person’s understanding, language, community context, preferences and access barriers, using relevant cultural expertise.
Why did phrenology fail as a sound explanation of mental capacities?
Its claims about skull shape and faculties lacked valid measurement and convincing supporting evidence.
What can an injury case contribute to brain research?
Detailed evidence connecting changed functioning with affected structures, qualified by individual history and possible damage to multiple systems.
Why is a functional image not a photograph of a thought?
It measures an indicator associated with activity and requires interpretation and comparisons.
What is converging evidence in brain research?
Compatible findings from methods with different strengths and limitations.
Name a contribution of the medulla.
Regulation of essential autonomic functions such as breathing and cardiovascular activity.
How does the cerebellum contribute to action?
It supports coordination, balance, timing and aspects of learning movements within interacting systems.
Give a midbrain contribution to behaviour.
Orienting to sensory information, movement or arousal in coordination with other structures.
What is the cerebral cortex?
The outer layer of the cerebrum, with regions contributing to perception, voluntary action and complex mental processes.