Free TCE Year 11 Sociology Flashcard Review
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Define socialisation.
The lifelong process through which people learn the culture of their society and develop a sense of self.
Name the five agents of socialisation in the TASC course.
Family, school, peer groups, mass media and the workplace.
What is the difference between ideal and real culture?
Ideal culture is what a society says it values; real culture is how people actually behave.
Subculture or counter-culture: which rejects key mainstream values?
A counter-culture. A subculture shares most mainstream values but has some distinctive norms.
Give an example of an ascribed and an achieved status.
Ascribed: being the eldest child. Achieved: becoming a qualified plumber or school captain.
What is tertiary socialisation?
Socialisation that continues in adulthood as people adjust to new life stages such as parenthood, retirement and ageing.
Define anticipatory socialisation.
Learning and rehearsing the norms of a role a person expects to occupy in the future.
Distinguish formal and informal social control.
Formal control is exercised by official agencies with written rules; informal control comes from everyday reactions of family, friends and community.
What are the three steps of Cooley's looking-glass self?
We imagine how we appear to others, imagine their judgement, and develop a self-feeling such as pride or shame.
What happens in Mead's game stage?
Children take on several roles at once and follow rules by anticipating what every other participant will do.
How do liberal and radical feminists differ on gender socialisation?
Liberal feminists see learnt stereotypes that reform can change; radical feminists see socialisation as a tool of patriarchy across all institutions.
Why is human agency a critique of socialisation theories?
It shows people are not passive; they interpret, resist and reshape what they are taught, so socialisation does not fully determine behaviour.
How does deviance differ from crime?
Deviance breaks norms; crime breaks formal laws. All crime is a form of deviance, but much deviance is not criminal.
Name five dimensions of the relativity of deviance.
Time, place, culture, gender and age.
What are Durkheim's four functions of deviance?
Affirming norms and values, clarifying moral boundaries, building solidarity among conformists and generating social change.
List Hirschi's four social bonds.
Attachment, commitment, involvement and belief.
What causes strain in Merton's theory?
An imbalance between culturally approved goals and access to legitimate means of reaching them.
Which Merton adaptation rejects both goals and means?
Retreatism.
What is a moral entrepreneur?
Becker's term for a person or group who campaigns to have new rules created or enforced.
Primary vs secondary deviance?
Primary deviance is initial rule-breaking with little effect on identity; secondary deviance follows labelling and acceptance of a deviant identity.