Free SACE Year 11 Physics Flashcard Review
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What makes a question testable?
It specifies measurable variables and conditions so evidence can support or challenge a prediction.
Independent variable
The quantity deliberately changed.
Dependent variable
The measured response.
Controlled factor
A condition held approximately constant to isolate the relationship.
Primary versus secondary data
Primary data are collected directly; secondary data come from another source and need provenance and quality checks.
Instrument resolution
The smallest readable increment; it does not guarantee accuracy.
Direct proportion
y = kx; a straight line through the origin.
Inverse proportion
y = k/x; xy stays constant.
Exponential change
Equal intervals produce equal fractional changes.
Interpolation versus extrapolation
Interpolation predicts within the measured range; extrapolation extends beyond it.
Random versus systematic error
Random error produces unpredictable scatter; systematic error produces consistent bias.
Defensible conclusion
An evidence-based answer that identifies the tested range and unresolved limitations.
Why use SI units internationally?
They provide shared meanings that make measurements comparable.
What must accompany a scientific conclusion?
Methods, data, uncertainty and assumptions so others can check it.
Does peer checking prove truth?
No. It can detect weaknesses, while further evidence may still revise conclusions.
What makes evidence independent?
It is obtained separately rather than copied from the same original report.
How can new sensors change explanations?
They can reveal patterns previously missed, prompting a testable revision.
Why combine laboratory and field evidence?
Controlled tests and realistic conditions offer complementary strengths.
Give an economic two-way link.
Costs motivate efficiency research; measured savings influence investment.
Give an ethical two-way link.
Privacy concerns shape monitoring; exposure evidence informs fair protection.