Free QCE Year 11 Study of Religion Flashcard Review
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What does the sociological approach to religion focus on?
The functions and effects of religion for groups and society, e.g. Durkheim's view that religion separates sacred from profane and unites believers into a moral community.
What does the psychological approach to religion focus on?
The individual: religious experience, needs, coping and meaning, e.g. Freud (wish fulfilment), Jung (archetypes), William James (religious experience).
What is the typological approach? Give one example.
Classifying religions by shared features so they can be compared; e.g. Ninian Smart's dimensions: ritual, narrative, experiential, social, ethical, doctrinal, material.
How does a theological approach differ from a historical approach?
Theological reasons from inside a faith, accepting its revelation; historical traces origins and change over time using dated evidence, without assuming the faith is true.
Describe a linear worldview and name three traditions that hold one.
Time has a beginning, direction and end (creation to fulfilment or judgment); Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Describe a cyclical worldview and its ultimate goal in Hinduism and Buddhism.
Existence repeats through samsara driven by karma; Hindus seek moksha (liberation) and Buddhists seek nirvana (the end of craving and suffering).
What did W.E.H. Stanner mean by 'everywhen'?
That the Dreaming in Aboriginal spiritualities is not just a past era but an ongoing reality present in Country, Law and relationships.
List four characteristics commonly used to compare religions.
Beliefs, sacred texts and stories, ethics and rituals (supported by symbols, sacred places, community and experience).
Give the four syllabus example roles of sacred texts.
Building community, providing guidelines, maintaining communal identity, and requiring a standard of behaviour.
Give one example of religious expression changing over time.
e.g. the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) allowed Catholic Mass in local languages; Reform Judaism emerged in 19th-century Germany.
How should you cite the Qur'an and the Bible in a response?
Surah and verse for the Qur'an (Qur'an 2:183); book, chapter and verse for the Bible (Matthew 5–7, Exodus 20:1–17).
What is the difference between listing and synthesising sources?
Listing reports each source separately; synthesising combines them into one argument, showing how they agree, differ and together support a judgment.
What do the letters of TaNaKh stand for?
Torah (teaching), Nevi'im (Prophets), Ketuvim (Writings).
Why do Jews regard the Torah as authoritative?
It is believed to have been given by God to Moses at Sinai as the basis of the covenant, interpreted through the Oral Torah (Mishnah and Talmud).
How do Catholic and Protestant Bibles differ?
Catholic Bibles have 73 books including the deuterocanonical books; Protestant Bibles have 66. Catholics read scripture with Tradition and the Magisterium; many Protestants stress sola scriptura.
Why do Muslims treat the Qur'an as uniquely authoritative?
It is believed to be God's literal word revealed in Arabic to Muhammad through Jibril (610–632 CE); its wording is fixed, so translations are interpretations.
Distinguish shruti and smriti.
Shruti ('heard') = the Vedas incl. Upanishads, eternal and highest authority. Smriti ('remembered') = epics, Bhagavad Gita, Puranas, law codes; secondary but widely used.
Name the three baskets of the Tipitaka.
Vinaya Pitaka (monastic rules), Sutta Pitaka (discourses), Abhidhamma Pitaka (systematic analysis).
When and where was the Pali Canon first written down?
In Sri Lanka in the first century BCE, after centuries of oral recitation by monks.
Where is the authority of Dreaming stories located?
In the ancestral beings and Law, in Country, and in Elders and custodians who hold the right to tell particular stories.