Free QCE Year 11 Modern History Flashcard Review
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What period and events frame this topic?
1788 (First Fleet arrives) to the early 1930s (end of the Caledon Bay Crisis in Arnhem Land).
Who was Pemulwuy?
A Bidjigal warrior who led resistance around Parramatta and the Hawkesbury from 1790 until he was shot in 1802.
When did Arthur declare martial law in Van Diemen's Land?
November 1828, during the Black War.
What was the Black Line?
An October–November 1830 sweep by armed colonists and soldiers to drive Aboriginal groups from the settled districts; it captured almost no one.
Why is Myall Creek (1838) significant?
It is one of very few massacres for which colonists were tried and hanged, and the trials encouraged later perpetrators to hide killings.
What happened at Coniston in 1928?
Police-led reprisals killed dozens of Warlpiri, Anmatyerr and Kaytetye people; an official board found the killings justified.
How did the Caledon Bay Crisis end differently from earlier conflicts?
A missionary peace party was sent instead of a punitive expedition, and the High Court quashed Dhakiyarr Wirrpanda's conviction in 1934.
What did W.E.H. Stanner call the omission of frontier conflict from histories?
‘The great Australian silence’ (1968 Boyer Lectures).
Contrast Reynolds and Windschuttle.
Reynolds (1981) argued resistance was widespread and deaths numbered at least 20,000 nationally; Windschuttle (2002) argued Van Diemen's Land killings were exaggerated, accepting only documented deaths.
Name three features of evidence.
Any three of: origin, motive, audience, perspective, historical context, explicit and implicit meaning.
Usefulness versus reliability?
Usefulness is relevance to the inquiry question; reliability is how far the evidence can be trusted.
Give one current-world link to the frontier wars.
Truth-telling processes such as Victoria's Yoorrook Justice Commission, or debate about commemorating frontier conflict at the Australian War Memorial.
What events frame this topic?
The Estates-General meets (May 1789) to the establishment of the Consulate after the Brumaire coup (November 1799).
What did Sieyès argue in early 1789?
That the Third Estate was the whole nation (‘everything’), had been ‘nothing’ in the political order, and wanted to become ‘something’.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
A pledge on 20 June 1789 by National Assembly deputies not to separate until France had a constitution.
Which two decisions of August 1789 transformed French society?
The abolition of feudal privileges (4 August) and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (26 August).
Why was the flight to Varennes (June 1791) significant?
It destroyed trust in Louis XVI and strengthened republican ideas.
When was the monarchy overthrown and the republic declared?
The monarchy fell on 10 August 1792; the Convention declared a republic in September 1792.
What ended the Terror?
The fall and execution of Robespierre in Thermidor (July) 1794.
Give a long-, medium- and short-term cause of 1789.
Long: privilege and Enlightenment criticism. Medium: war debt and failed reform. Short: the 1788 harvest failure and voting deadlock.