Free QCE Year 11 Design Flashcard Review
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What are the two phases of the Double Diamond, and what does each convergence point produce?
The explore phase converges on a defined design problem (brief); the develop phase converges on a design proposal. Each phase moves from divergent to convergent thinking.
Tame problem or wicked problem: what is the difference?
A tame problem can be clearly defined and has a predictable outcome; a wicked problem cannot be fully defined, has conflicting stakeholder needs and hard-to-predict outcomes.
Name the five features designers balance.
Aesthetic (senses), cultural (beliefs, values, traditions, laws, languages), economic (costs, time, client expectations), social (fashions, trends, tastes, demographics) and technical (function, sustainability, dimensions, ergonomics).
List six kinds of stakeholders.
Users, clients, audiences, other designers, other professionals and technicians.
How does a design problem differ from design criteria?
A design problem describes the situation, its five features and constraints; design criteria are the statements used to judge how well ideas and concepts solve it.
What are the syllabus principles of good design used in criteria?
Innovative, useful, aesthetic, accessible and sustainable.
What are Torrance's four elements of creativity?
Fluency (number of ideas), flexibility (variety of approaches), originality (uniqueness) and elaboration (credible detail).
Give five divergent thinking techniques.
Any five of: brainstorming without critique, collaborating, iterating, modifying shape or form, eliminating a component, adapting function, substituting a component, combining ideas.
What does convergent thinking do with a set of ideas?
It selects strength attributes, eliminates limitation attributes and clusters ideas with common strengths to progress toward one best outcome.
Schematic sketch versus ideation sketch?
A schematic sketch is an abstract diagram of relationships between design information and idea attributes; an ideation sketch is a rapid drawing of a mental image used to devise and refine ideas.
Pictorial versus orthographic illustration?
A pictorial view simulates the design from a chosen viewpoint, often rendered in context; orthographic views project the 3D form onto 2D planes as plans, elevations and sections.
What makes a classic design timeless?
It reflects good-design principles, defies obsolescence, transcends its original function, keeps a constant presence in society and often inspires later retro-styling.
Why is the client an especially important stakeholder in commercial design?
The client commissions and usually funds the work, sets the budget and timeline, and decides whether a proposal is accepted, though users and communities must still be considered.
What does a client profile contain?
Demographic information; economic, social and cultural information; and constraints such as available time, physical realities and legalities.
What three things does a design brief set out?
The aesthetic, cultural, economic, social and technical features of the problem; the constraints; and design criteria combining client requirements with good-design principles.
Name two examples of secondary data used to investigate a client profile.
Any two of: published demographic statistics, market or industry reports, analysis of existing designs, reviews, and the documented practice of contemporary designers.
What is a value proposition?
The promise of what a customer gains from a product or service, communicated by branding and advertising.
What is digital disruption? Give an example.
A digital design displacing an established practice or industry, e.g. music streaming displacing CD sales.
Copyright versus registered design: what does each protect?
Copyright is automatic and protects original expression such as drawings and text; a registered design must be applied for and protects the new, distinctive visual appearance of a product.
What does a patent protect, and what does a trade mark protect?
A patent protects a new, inventive and useful invention (how it works); a trade mark protects a sign such as a name or logo that distinguishes a business's goods or services.