Free HSC Year 11 Studies of Religion II Flashcard Review
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Define the supernatural dimension.
Belief that reality includes a divine being, beings or powers beyond what can be observed or measured, which give ultimate meaning and purpose.
What is a transcendent worldview?
Belief in a divine power beyond the human and the created world, e.g. God as creator in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
What is an immanent worldview?
Belief that the divine dwells within the individual and the natural world, e.g. Atman within each being in Hinduism.
Name the four characteristics of religion in the syllabus.
Beliefs and believers; sacred texts and writings; ethics; rituals and ceremonies.
What makes a religion dynamic and living?
Its characteristics interact and believers reinterpret them in each generation, so the religion adapts while keeping continuity.
Give two contributions of religion to individuals.
Meaning and purpose; moral guidance; identity; belonging; comfort in suffering and death (any two).
Give two contributions of religion to society and culture.
Schools, hospitals and welfare; influence on public values; art, architecture and music; festivals; social cohesion (any two).
Why is 'Dreamtime' an incomplete description of the Dreaming?
It suggests a finished past; the Dreaming is an ongoing reality in which ancestral beings remain present.
What is a sacred site in Aboriginal spiritualities?
A place where ancestral beings acted or remain present, cared for by particular custodians through ceremony.
What do Dreaming stories carry?
Law, kinship rules, ecological knowledge and moral teaching; some knowledge is restricted to particular people.
How does the Dreaming show diversity?
Each Aboriginal nation has its own ancestral beings, stories, ceremonies, sacred places and language for spiritual reality.
Why is the link between Dreaming, land and identity called inextricable?
Identity, law and spiritual life come from country; a person belongs to the land, so the three cannot be separated.
Name two features of the religious context in which Buddhism began.
Brahmanical sacrifice and varna led by Brahmin priests; sramana ascetics seeking liberation; debate about karma and rebirth; new kingdoms and cities.
What were the Four Sights?
An old man, a sick man, a corpse and a wandering ascetic, which prompted Siddhartha's renunciation.
Where did the Buddha attain enlightenment and give his first sermon?
Enlightenment under the bodhi tree at Bodh Gaya; first sermon at the Deer Park at Sarnath, near Varanasi.
Why is the Buddha the model of Buddhist life?
He showed that a human can attain liberation through effort, wisdom and compassion, and his Middle Way practice is what Buddhists imitate.
Who was Mahapajapati Gotami?
The Buddha's aunt and foster mother, whose request for ordination (supported by Ananda) led to the order of nuns.
What happened at the First Council at Rajagaha?
About 500 monks led by Mahakassapa agreed the teaching: Ananda recited the suttas and Upali the Vinaya.
What was the Second Council at Vesali about?
Disputes over monastic discipline, such as handling money; tensions contributed to the first split in the Sangha.
State the Four Noble Truths.
Suffering exists; craving causes it; it can cease (nirvana); the Eightfold Path leads to its cessation.