Free HSC Year 11 Society and Culture Flashcard Review
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Name the five fundamental concepts.
Persons, society, culture, environment and time.
Name the six additional concepts.
Power, authority, gender, identity, technologies and globalisation.
How does power differ from authority?
Power is the ability to influence people or outcomes; authority is power that others accept as legitimate.
Give an example of the meso level.
A school, workplace, sporting club, religious congregation or local council.
Why is society called a construct that develops through time?
It is created and continually changed by members' interactions rather than existing independently of them.
What does it mean for behaviour to be socially constructed?
It is learned through socialisation and maintained by social expectations and sanctions rather than determined by nature.
What is a hybrid society?
A society that comprises a range of social and cultural influences and components rather than one homogeneous identity.
List four ethical research principles.
Informed consent; confidentiality and privacy; avoiding harm or discomfort; acknowledging sources (also: no covert research, care with vulnerable groups, unbiased analysis).
What are the first three steps of the research process?
Decide on a topic, frame a focus question or hypothesis, and gather background information.
Name one strength and one weakness of quantitative research.
Strength: comparable patterns across large samples. Weakness: limited depth about reasons and meanings.
Which three methods may be used to examine contemporary issues in this depth study?
Media content analysis, a short questionnaire or secondary research (choose one).
What is ethnocentrism and why avoid it in the focus study?
Judging another culture by your own standards; it distorts understanding and undermines social and cultural literacy.
Distinguish personal identity from social identity.
Personal identity is the sense of oneself as a unique individual; social identity comes from membership of groups.
What is Cooley's looking-glass self?
We imagine how others see us and judge us, and develop feelings about ourselves in response.
Distinguish primary and secondary socialisation.
Primary occurs in early childhood, mainly in the family; secondary continues as a person enters new groups and organisations such as school, peer groups and workplaces.
List the nine influences on identity named in this depth study.
Family and kinship; ethnicity and culture; gender; sexuality; beliefs; location, class and status; peers; school; media including communication technologies.
What conflict does Erikson place in adolescence?
Identity versus role confusion.
Name Piaget's four stages of cognitive development.
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational.
What are Elkind's two features of adolescent egocentrism?
The imaginary audience and the personal fable.
What was Gilligan's main criticism of earlier moral development research?
It relied mainly on male participants and undervalued an ethic of care based on relationships and responsibility.