Free HSC Year 11 NSW Physics Flashcard Review
Review 20 public cards with spaced repetition. Flip a card, then grade your recall. Cards you miss return today. Your schedule stays in this browser.
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Scalar versus vector?
A scalar has magnitude only; a vector has magnitude and direction.
Distance versus displacement?
Distance is the total path length; displacement is the straight-line change in position with direction.
Average velocity formula?
Displacement ÷ time taken, in the direction of the displacement.
What does the gradient of a displacement–time graph give?
Velocity.
What does the gradient of a velocity–time graph give?
Acceleration.
What does the area under a velocity–time graph give?
Displacement.
State v = u + at and its missing variable.
Final velocity equation; it does not contain displacement s.
State v² = u² + 2as and its missing variable.
Equation linking speeds and displacement; it does not contain time t.
What is the acceleration in free fall near Earth?
About 9.8 m s⁻² downward, independent of mass, ignoring air resistance.
How do you resolve a vector V at angle θ?
Horizontal component V cos θ, vertical component V sin θ.
Why does a river current not change the crossing time?
Perpendicular components are independent; crossing time depends only on cross-stream speed and width.
How do you reduce random error?
Repeat measurements and average; use finer instruments.
State Newton's first law.
An object stays at rest or moves at constant velocity unless a non-zero net force acts on it.
State Newton's second law in equation form.
F_net = ma; acceleration is in the direction of the net force and inversely proportional to mass.
Why are third-law pairs never cancelled in one free-body diagram?
The two forces act on different bodies, so each appears on a different diagram.
On a slope of angle θ, what are the weight components?
mg sin θ parallel to the slope and mg cos θ perpendicular to it, so N = mg cos θ (no other perpendicular forces).
What is the maximum static friction?
f_s,max = μ_s N; static friction adjusts to match the applied force up to this limit.
Write the formula for work done by a force at an angle.
W = Fs cos θ, where θ is the angle between the force and the displacement.
State the work–energy theorem.
The net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy: W_net = ΔKE.
When is mechanical energy conserved?
When only conservative forces such as gravity do work; friction dissipates energy as heat.