Free HSC Year 11 Geography Flashcard Review
Review 20 public cards with spaced repetition. Flip a card, then grade your recall. Cards you miss return today. Your schedule stays in this browser.
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In a four-figure area reference, which number comes first?
The easting (vertical grid line read along the bottom), then the northing (horizontal grid line read up the side).
How is slope gradient calculated and written?
Convert map distance to ground distance, find the vertical rise in the same units, then write 1 : (horizontal distance ÷ rise), e.g. 1 : 4.
What is local relief?
The highest point minus the lowest point within a defined area such as a grid square.
How do you calculate vertical exaggeration?
Horizontal scale denominator ÷ vertical scale denominator, e.g. 25 000 ÷ 5 000 = 5 times.
A proportional circle has twice the radius of another. How many times larger is its value?
Four times, because value is proportional to area and area depends on radius squared.
What is the formula for proportional change?
(new value − old value) ÷ old value × 100, expressed as a percentage.
Which way does air circulate around a high-pressure system in the Southern Hemisphere?
Anticlockwise; around a low it circulates clockwise.
Why must a choropleth map use standardised data?
Rates, densities or percentages allow fair comparison between areas of different size; raw totals exaggerate large areas.
What is the difference between reliability and validity?
Reliability is consistency of results if repeated; validity is whether the data actually measure what the inquiry needs.
Why keep a fieldwork log?
It records dates, locations, conditions, methods, raw data and changes to the plan so the activity can be repeated and evaluated.
What does a GIS layer allow you to do?
Overlay, buffer, query and measure spatial data to compare distributions and densities and detect change over time.
In NSW, shadows on a photograph point towards the east. What time of day was it?
Afternoon: the sun was in the west, opposite the shadows.
Why do many hot deserts lie near 30° latitude?
Air from the Hadley cell descends there, warming and drying as it sinks, forming subtropical high-pressure belts with little rain.
How does altitude affect temperature?
Air cools by about 6.5 °C per 1 000 m on average (environmental lapse rate).
Define continentality.
The influence of distance from the sea: inland places heat and cool quickly, giving larger temperature ranges.
What happens to eastern Australian rainfall during La Niña?
It usually increases, because warm water near northern Australia and stronger Walker circulation boost evaporation and rising air.
Write the catchment water balance equation.
P = Q + ET ± ΔS (precipitation = runoff + evapotranspiration ± change in storage).
Name the three types of plate boundary and one landform of each.
Divergent (mid-ocean ridge), convergent (trench or fold mountains), transform (fault such as the San Andreas Fault).
Which five factors control soil formation?
Parent material, climate, organisms, relief and time.
Why do top predators have small populations?
Only about 10% of energy passes to each higher trophic level; the rest is lost mainly as heat.