Free HSC Year 11 Engineering Studies Flashcard Review
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What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter (kg) and is the same anywhere; weight is the gravitational force on that mass, W = mg, in newtons.
Give two scalar and two vector quantities.
Scalars: mass, temperature (also time, energy, speed). Vectors: force, displacement (also velocity, acceleration).
State the formulas for MA, VR and efficiency.
MA = load ÷ effort; VR = effort distance ÷ load distance; η = MA ÷ VR × 100%.
How do you find the VR of a pulley system?
Count the rope sections that support the movable (load) block.
Name the three orders of levers with an example of each.
First order: fulcrum in the middle (crowbar). Second order: load in the middle (wheelbarrow). Third order: effort in the middle (tweezers).
Why are metals good electrical conductors?
Metallic bonding provides delocalised electrons that move freely through the lattice when a potential difference is applied.
Name three crystal structures found in metals.
Body-centred cubic (alpha iron, chromium), face-centred cubic (copper, aluminium) and close-packed hexagonal (zinc, magnesium).
Distinguish brass from bronze.
Brass is a copper–zinc alloy (boat fittings, locks); bronze is a copper–tin alloy that is harder than brass (boat fittings).
Why can thermosoftening polymers be recycled by remelting?
Their chains are held by weak secondary bonds that weaken on heating, so the material softens and can be reshaped.
Name two engineering ceramics and a use for each.
Alumina for electrical insulators; silicon carbide for abrasives and grinding wheels (others: silicon nitride, zirconia).
Why is steel placed in concrete beams?
Concrete is weak in tension; steel bars carry the tensile stresses on the tension side of the member.
Where are the views placed in third-angle projection?
Top view directly above the front view; side views beside the front view and aligned with it.
Name the four broad roles of a professional engineer.
Problem-solver, designer, communicator and project manager.
What is the difference between a space diagram and a free body diagram?
A space diagram is generally taken to be a sketch of the real situation; a free body diagram isolates one body and shows all external forces, including reactions.
How is the equilibrant related to the resultant?
Same magnitude and line of action, opposite sense.
State the three-force rule.
If three non-parallel forces hold a body in equilibrium, their lines of action meet at one point and they form a closed force triangle.
Write the conditions for equilibrium of a rigid body in a plane.
ΣFₓ = 0, ΣFᵧ = 0 and ΣM = 0 about any point.
Convert a 40 N force acting 0.3 m from point O into a force/couple system at O.
40 N at O plus a couple of 40 × 0.3 = 12 N·m.
What does tempering do to hardened steel?
Reduces brittleness by increasing ductility and toughness, at the cost of some strength.
Why does cold working harden a metal?
Dislocations multiply and tangle in distorted grains, making slip harder.