Free HSC Year 11 Design and Technology Flashcard Review

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Name four design professions and the type of outcome each typically produces.

Industrial designer: products; architect: buildings and environments; graphic designer: visual communication such as signage and packaging; user-experience designer: digital systems and services.

Give an example of design professions overlapping.

A new library involves architects, interior designers, landscape architects, engineers and graphic designers who create wayfinding signage, all working on one environment.

What happens at first contact with a client?

The client describes the need or opportunity; the designer clarifies the problem, scope, budget and timeline, leading to an agreed design brief.

List the broad stages of a design process.

Identify need and brief; research and investigation; generate ideas; develop and evaluate options; select and refine; produce; present and evaluate (with evaluation throughout).

How does a community setting change the design process compared with a domestic one?

Many stakeholders must be consulted, public safety standards apply and funding is usually public, whereas a domestic client is a single household with personal preferences.

Define ergonomics and give one design decision it affects.

Fitting a design to people's bodies and minds; for example, setting a handle diameter so most adult hands can grip it comfortably.

Distinguish function from aesthetics.

Function is what a design does and how well it performs; aesthetics are its sensory qualities, such as form, colour and texture, and the responses they create.

What does finance include as a factor affecting design?

Costs of research, materials, labour, tooling, marketing and distribution, weighed against the budget and the price users will pay.

Name three types of obsolescence.

Planned (deliberately limited life), technological (superseded by newer technology) and style or perceived (no longer fashionable).

List the stages examined in a life cycle analysis.

Raw material extraction, processing, manufacture, packaging and distribution, use, and end of life (reuse, recycling, incineration or landfill).

Give a short-term and a long-term environmental consequence of a product.

Short-term: fumes and offcut waste during production. Long-term: landfill accumulation or resource depletion after many years of discarded products.

What makes a design solution appropriate?

It meets the identified needs and balances function, aesthetics, cost, safety, ergonomics, quality and environmental impact for its specific users and context.

Name the four settings for design and production.

Domestic, community, industrial and commercial.

Give a community-setting example and one constraint it adds.

A council playground; it requires consultation with many stakeholders and compliance with public safety and accessibility standards.

What distinguishes batch production from mass production?

Batch makes a set quantity and then changes over to another product; mass production makes very large quantities of a standardised product continuously on dedicated lines.

Give two examples of continuous production.

Paper, glass, nails and petrol refining (any two).

Why does unit cost fall as production scale rises?

Fixed costs such as tooling and set-up are spread over more units, so each unit carries a smaller share.

What does CAM do?

It converts a digital model into tool paths or instructions for machines such as CNC routers, lathes and laser cutters.

Name two forming technologies used in industry.

Injection moulding and extrusion (also pressing, casting, vacuum forming).

What is the role of a jig in batch production?

It guides the tool to the right place on each workpiece so repeated operations are fast, accurate and consistent.