Free QCE Essential Mathematics Flashcard Review
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What does rounding mean?
Replacing a value with a nearby one to a stated precision, by inspecting the next digit and increasing the retained digit when that next digit is 5 or more.
What does decimal places mean?
The count of digits kept after the decimal point, describing absolute precision and used for money and many measurements.
What does significant figures mean?
The count of digits carrying information about a value, starting at the first non-zero digit; leading zeros never count and trailing zeros after a decimal point do.
What does leading-digit approximation mean?
A rapid estimate made by replacing each number with its first significant digit followed by zeros and computing mentally.
What does order of magnitude mean?
The approximate size of a value expressed as a power of ten, used to check that a calculated answer is not out by a factor of ten or more.
What does floor value mean?
The largest whole number less than or equal to a value; used when a budget, supply or capacity must not be exceeded.
What does ceiling value mean?
The smallest whole number greater than or equal to a value; used when a requirement must be met or exceeded and part of a unit is unusable.
What does interval estimate mean?
A range within which the true value lies, obtained by calculating with the lowest and the highest plausible input values.
What does absolute error mean?
The positive difference between an approximate value and the true value, carrying the same unit as the quantity.
What does percentage error mean?
The absolute error divided by the true value and multiplied by 100, expressing how large an error is relative to the quantity measured.
What does tolerance mean?
The stated amount by which a measurement or product may differ from its target and still be acceptable.
What does reasonableness mean?
The judgement that a result has a plausible size, unit and direction for the real situation it describes.
What does derived measure mean?
A quantity formed by combining two or more base measurements, such as area, volume, speed, density or cost per unit.
What does rate mean?
A comparison of two quantities measured in different units, written with per or a slash, such as 18 litres per minute.
What does unit rate mean?
A rate expressed with a denominator of one, such as dollars per kilogram, used to compare differently packaged options.
What does density mean?
Mass per unit volume, calculated as mass divided by volume and usually given in kilograms per cubic metre or grams per cubic centimetre.
What does capacity mean?
The amount of fluid a container can hold, measured in millilitres, litres or kilolitres.
What does hectare mean?
A unit of land area equal to 10 000 square metres, that is, a square 100 metres on each side.
What does tonne mean?
A unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms, standard for bulk materials such as soil, concrete and freight.
What does kilolitre mean?
A unit of capacity equal to 1000 litres, used on household water bills and equal to the capacity of one cubic metre.