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Operating activities (day-to-day business operations), Investing activities (purchase/sale of assets), Financing activities (debt and equity transactions).

Cash generated from or used in the normal business operations; reflects the cash impact of transactions related to revenue, expenses, and working capital changes.

Purchase or sale of property, plant and equipment; purchase or sale of investments (shares, bonds); loans made to other entities.

Cash flows from changes in the structure of contributed capital and borrowings; includes issues/repayment of shares, loans, and dividends paid.

Reports major classes of gross cash receipts and payments (e.g. cash from customers, cash to suppliers, cash to employees); starts with cash from customers.

Cash receipts from customers, Cash paid to suppliers, Cash paid for employee salaries and wages.

Operating cash flow ÷ Net sales; measures what percentage of sales converts to actual cash; useful for assessing cash generation quality.

Operating cash flow ÷ Total liabilities; indicates the entity's ability to pay debts from operating cash; higher ratio suggests better debt repayment capacity.

The distribution of related tasks among different employees to reduce the risk of fraud or error; e.g. one person authorises, another approves, another records.

All transactions must be approved by an appropriate person before they are processed; ensures only valid, legitimate transactions are recorded.

Comparing recorded amounts (e.g. ledger) with independent evidence (e.g. bank statement); identifies and corrects errors or fraudulent discrepancies.

A document issued by a supplier containing required information (ABN, GST amount, description) that entitles the buyer to claim input tax credits.

A GST return form submitted regularly (usually quarterly) to the ATO reporting GST collected, GST paid, and net amount owing or refundable.

The GST paid on business purchases that can be claimed as a credit against GST collected from customers; reduces the net GST liability.

The total GST charged to customers on taxable sales; this amount must be remitted to the ATO as output tax (less input tax credits claimed).

The input GST incurred on business purchases of supplies, services, and assets; claimed as a credit to reduce GST payable to the ATO.

A customer who owes money to the business for goods or services provided on credit; represented as an asset (accounts receivable) in the balance sheet.

A supplier to whom the business owes money for goods or services received on credit; represented as a liability (accounts payable) in the balance sheet.

A single account in the general ledger summarising all debtors (or creditors) collectively; reconciled to the total of the subsidiary ledger.

Detailed records of individual debtors (debtors ledger) or creditors (creditors ledger); supports and reconciles with the control account in the general ledger.