Hearing tonality, scales/modes and modulation to the relative, dominant or subdominant key

What this note covers

1. The question format: circle tonality, then circle modulation
2. Hearing major, minor, modal and atonal
3. The four related keys, with examples
4. What each modulation sounds like
5. Worked examples: three original excerpts
6. A step-by-step listening routine
7. Exam technique and links to the rest of the paper

7 sections · 11 key terms & formulas · 6 common mistakes