Nitrogenous wastes and animal water and salt balance

What this note covers

1. Osmosis links solute concentration to animal water balance
2. Ammonia, urea and uric acid trade water for energy
3. Freshwater bony fish gain water and actively recover ions
4. Marine bony fish drink and secrete excess salts
5. Terrestrial animals reduce water loss through integrated adaptations
6. Evidence must integrate gradients, organs and ethical measurement

6 sections · 10 key terms & formulas · 6 common mistakes