Ocean acidification and carbonate equilibria

What this note covers

1. Carbon dioxide enters a linked acid–base system
2. Calculating pH, hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions
3. Carbonate formation, protonation and shell dissolution
4. Designing a carbonate dissolution investigation
5. Interpreting ocean data and competing explanations
6. Strategies, evidence and equilibrium limits
7. A pH change expressed as a concentration ratio
8. Distinguishing shell dissolution from mass-transfer effects

8 sections · 10 key terms & formulas · 6 common mistakes